“Discrimination against Migrants, Muslims, and Chinese People Caught the UN's Attention”

“I oppose the construction of a mosque in Daegu. I dislike Islam.”
These phrases, repeated in Korean online communities and at protest sites, have now transcended mere complaints or expressions of inconvenience to become a “warning target” for the international community. In its concluding observations published in May 2025, the UN Committee on the Elimination of Racial Discrimination (CERD) expressed strong concerns about racist hate speech and actions pervasive throughout Korean society.

The Committee specifically stated that “hate speech targeting migrants, refugees, Muslims, and Chinese people is increasing, both online and offline,” and pointed to instances such as opposition to the Daegu mosque construction, human rights violations during crackdowns on undocumented migrant workers, and hate speech.

A Society Where Hate Becomes Routine, Scrutinized by the International Community

In its report, CERD noted that “hate speech in Korea tends to lead to violence,” citing existing cases where online hate speech has escalated into actual attacks. The Committee analyzed this as a consequence of institutional shortcomings and a lack of awareness within Korean society.

In particular, the Committee highlighted the absence of clear laws penalizing hate speech in Korea, stating that it is urgent to establish legal deterrents such as “aggravated penalties for hate-motivated crimes” and “criminalization of hate speech.” It also emphasized the need for clear accountability and measures when politicians and public figures foster or condone hate speech.

Key Improvement Recommendations Highlighted by CERD Include:

• Introduction of provisions for aggravated penalties for crimes motivated by hate.

• Legislation for criminal penalties for hate speech directed at specific racial, ethnic, or religious groups.

• Investigation and public condemnation measures for hate-inciting remarks by politicians and public figures.

• Establishment of a surveillance system for racial discrimination in broadcast and online content.

• Implementation of national policies for education and awareness improvement to counter hate speech.

In response to these warnings, the Korean government stated, “We respect the Committee’s recommendations and will review follow-up measures in consultation with relevant ministries.” However, given that some politicians continue to make hateful remarks targeting Chinese people or specific migrant groups, it remains unclear whether substantive changes will follow.

Every time hate surfaces, the question arises anew.
“Whose safety is Korea committed to ensuring? And who remains excluded?”